Q.1) What is Tayammum and explain the circumstances under which tayammum is allowed?
Ans) Striking the palms on clean sand or any clean thing which forms part of the earth and rubbing them on face and both hands with the intention of attaining cleanliness is called tayammum.
Circumstances: Tayammum holds the position of Ablution(wudu) and Bathing(Ghusl). If there is no water available for Wudu or Ghusl then performing tayammum is allowed. Once tayammum is done then offering any no.of prayers, touching Holy Quran and Reciting Holy Quran is allowed.
Tayammum is allowed only under the below circumstances:

1. Water is available after the reach of one and a half kilometer (1.1/2).
2. Use of water for a sick person may make him more sick or could become a reason for his death.
3. Only drinkable quantity of water is available and there is a fear that its consumption for ablution will leave them with no water for drinking.
4. Water is available in well but there is nothing with which it can be obtained like rope, bucket or any utensil… etc.
5. There is a doubt on loosing the prayer of Eid or prayer of Funeral (provided he is not the successor of the dead).

NOTE:The moment someone attains control over the water Tayammum will be nullified.

Q.2) Explain the mandatory(Fara’ez) steps and the process for Tayammum.
Ans) There are three mandates(Fara’ez) in Tayammum:

1. Making an intention of Tayammum.
2. Striking the palms on clean sand or anything made of sand and rubbing on face.
3. Striking the palms second time on clean sand or anything made of sand and rubbing on both hands along with the elbows such that not even a space equivalent to a hair is left out.